Drinking Water Quality Assessment from the Source to End User, the Case of Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Ethiopia

Meron Amsalu; Tamene Mojira

doi:doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12

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Drinking Water Quality Assessment from the Source to End User, the Case of Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Ethiopia

Meron Amsalu, Tamene Mojira

Published in Hydrology (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 9 November 2022 Accepted: 8 December 2022 Published: 27 December 2022

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality status from the source to end user in Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory -1. In the study, both primary and secondary sources of data were used to conduct the research. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample needed for bacteriological analysis of the water quality. Samples were collected in rainy season for three times started from July 22 2019 to September 26 2019. Thirteen samples were collected at all representative sampling points at each time. The physicochemical parameters namely, pH, Temperature, Total dissolved solid, Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulfate, Chloride, Total hardness, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Fluoride, Total alkalinity, Iron and Cupper. Total coliform as Bacteriological parameter was analyzed. The water quality index (WQI) - calculation was done using weighted arithmetic water quality index method. The result of physiochemical parameters, temperature (28.22°C), electrical conductivity (1331.37mg/l) and fluoride (1.89mg/l) were above the maximum permissible limit set by WHO and Ethiopian for drinking water. The results of remaining physiochemical parameters are fall within the desirable permissible limit for human consumption. The computed WQI values ranged 51.4 (source) to 69.6 (village-1) and all sampling points are ranked to poor water quality. The results of bacteriological analyses have shown that 50% of samples in the distribution systems were at medium risk, 16.7% of samples were at low risk and 33% of samples including the source were at zero risk. The study can conclude that the quality of drinking water source can be deteriorated in the water distribution system. Therefore, the current quality of water and distribution system needs to be improved or to be developed new better quality source in order to come up with current quality problem.

Published in	Hydrology (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12
Page(s)	75-85
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water Quality, Physiochemical, Bacteriological Parameters, Distribution System

References

[1]	WHO (2017). Guidelines for drinking-water quality. fourth edition incorporating the first addendum.
[2]	Daba D (2016). Quality Assessment of rural drinking water supply schemes from source to point use. (A case Study of Ada‟a Woreda, in Oromia Regional state of Ethiopia).
[3]	Shweta Tyagi, Bhavtosh Sharma, Prashant Singh, and Rajendra Dobhal, “Water Quality Assessment in Terms of Water Quality Index.” American Journal of Water Resources 1, no. 3 (2013): 34-38. doi: 10.12691/ajwr-1-3-3.
[4]	Belay Garoma1, G K (2018). Drinking Water Quality Test of Shambu Town (Ethiopia) from Source to Household Taps Using Some Physico-chemical and Biological Parameters. Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences.
[5]	Sadiq R, Kleiner Y, Rajani B (2003). Water quality failure in distribution networks: a framework for an aggregative risk analysis.
[6]	Abri (2015). Ethiopia Water and Sanitation Profile. America.
[7]	Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Ministry of Health (2011). National Drinking Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Strategy. Adiss Ababa.
[8]	Yisa J, Jimoh T. Analytical studies on water quality index of river Landzu. Am J Appl Sci. 2010; 7: 453-8.
[9]	Tyagi S, Singh P, Sharma B, Singh R. Assessment of water quality for drinking purpose in District Pauri of Uttarkhand India. Appl Ecol Environ Sci. 2014; 2 (4): 94–9.
[10]	WHO (2004). Guidelines for Drinking water Quality. Geneva.
[11]	Mohammed Mohsen, Samir Safari, Fayal Asghar and Farrukh Jamal (2013). Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and its Impact on Residents Health in Bahawalpur City.
[12]	Thewodros B, Seyoum L (2016). Water Supply and Health: Drinking water and Sanitation Coverage in Ethiopia 1990 - 2015 Review. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB), 1 (1), 11.
[13]	Munna G. M, Islam S, Hoque N. M, Bhattacharya K, Nath S. D (2015). A Study on Water Quality Parameters of Water Supply in Sylhet City Corporation Area. Hydrology, 3 (6), 66.

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APA Style

Meron Amsalu, Tamene Mojira. (2022). Drinking Water Quality Assessment from the Source to End User, the Case of Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Ethiopia. Hydrology, 10(4), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12

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ACS Style

Meron Amsalu; Tamene Mojira. Drinking Water Quality Assessment from the Source to End User, the Case of Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Ethiopia. Hydrology. 2022, 10(4), 75-85. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12

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AMA Style

Meron Amsalu, Tamene Mojira. Drinking Water Quality Assessment from the Source to End User, the Case of Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Ethiopia. Hydrology. 2022;10(4):75-85. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12

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@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12,
  author = {Meron Amsalu and Tamene Mojira},
  title = {Drinking Water Quality Assessment from the Source to End User, the Case of Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Ethiopia},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {75-85},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20221004.12},
  abstract = {The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality status from the source to end user in Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory -1. In the study, both primary and secondary sources of data were used to conduct the research. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample needed for bacteriological analysis of the water quality. Samples were collected in rainy season for three times started from July 22 2019 to September 26 2019. Thirteen samples were collected at all representative sampling points at each time. The physicochemical parameters namely, pH, Temperature, Total dissolved solid, Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulfate, Chloride, Total hardness, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Fluoride, Total alkalinity, Iron and Cupper. Total coliform as Bacteriological parameter was analyzed. The water quality index (WQI) - calculation was done using weighted arithmetic water quality index method. The result of physiochemical parameters, temperature (28.22°C), electrical conductivity (1331.37mg/l) and fluoride (1.89mg/l) were above the maximum permissible limit set by WHO and Ethiopian for drinking water. The results of remaining physiochemical parameters are fall within the desirable permissible limit for human consumption. The computed WQI values ranged 51.4 (source) to 69.6 (village-1) and all sampling points are ranked to poor water quality. The results of bacteriological analyses have shown that 50% of samples in the distribution systems were at medium risk, 16.7% of samples were at low risk and 33% of samples including the source were at zero risk. The study can conclude that the quality of drinking water source can be deteriorated in the water distribution system. Therefore, the current quality of water and distribution system needs to be improved or to be developed new better quality source in order to come up with current quality problem.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Drinking Water Quality Assessment from the Source to End User, the Case of Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Ethiopia
AU - Meron Amsalu
AU - Tamene Mojira
Y1 - 2022/12/27
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12
DO - 10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12
T2 - Hydrology
JF - Hydrology
JO - Hydrology
SP - 75
EP - 85
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-7617
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12
AB - The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality status from the source to end user in Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory -1. In the study, both primary and secondary sources of data were used to conduct the research. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample needed for bacteriological analysis of the water quality. Samples were collected in rainy season for three times started from July 22 2019 to September 26 2019. Thirteen samples were collected at all representative sampling points at each time. The physicochemical parameters namely, pH, Temperature, Total dissolved solid, Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulfate, Chloride, Total hardness, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Fluoride, Total alkalinity, Iron and Cupper. Total coliform as Bacteriological parameter was analyzed. The water quality index (WQI) - calculation was done using weighted arithmetic water quality index method. The result of physiochemical parameters, temperature (28.22°C), electrical conductivity (1331.37mg/l) and fluoride (1.89mg/l) were above the maximum permissible limit set by WHO and Ethiopian for drinking water. The results of remaining physiochemical parameters are fall within the desirable permissible limit for human consumption. The computed WQI values ranged 51.4 (source) to 69.6 (village-1) and all sampling points are ranked to poor water quality. The results of bacteriological analyses have shown that 50% of samples in the distribution systems were at medium risk, 16.7% of samples were at low risk and 33% of samples including the source were at zero risk. The study can conclude that the quality of drinking water source can be deteriorated in the water distribution system. Therefore, the current quality of water and distribution system needs to be improved or to be developed new better quality source in order to come up with current quality problem.
VL - 10
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Meron Amsalu

Institute of Water Technology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, EthiopiaInstitute of Water Technology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Tamene Mojira

Institute of Water Technology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Meron Amsalu, Tamene Mojira. (2022). Drinking Water Quality Assessment from the Source to End User, the Case of Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Ethiopia. Hydrology, 10(4), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12

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ACS Style

Meron Amsalu; Tamene Mojira. Drinking Water Quality Assessment from the Source to End User, the Case of Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Ethiopia. Hydrology. 2022, 10(4), 75-85. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12

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AMA Style

Meron Amsalu, Tamene Mojira. Drinking Water Quality Assessment from the Source to End User, the Case of Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Ethiopia. Hydrology. 2022;10(4):75-85. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12

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@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12,
  author = {Meron Amsalu and Tamene Mojira},
  title = {Drinking Water Quality Assessment from the Source to End User, the Case of Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Ethiopia},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {75-85},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20221004.12},
  abstract = {The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality status from the source to end user in Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory -1. In the study, both primary and secondary sources of data were used to conduct the research. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample needed for bacteriological analysis of the water quality. Samples were collected in rainy season for three times started from July 22 2019 to September 26 2019. Thirteen samples were collected at all representative sampling points at each time. The physicochemical parameters namely, pH, Temperature, Total dissolved solid, Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulfate, Chloride, Total hardness, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Fluoride, Total alkalinity, Iron and Cupper. Total coliform as Bacteriological parameter was analyzed. The water quality index (WQI) - calculation was done using weighted arithmetic water quality index method. The result of physiochemical parameters, temperature (28.22°C), electrical conductivity (1331.37mg/l) and fluoride (1.89mg/l) were above the maximum permissible limit set by WHO and Ethiopian for drinking water. The results of remaining physiochemical parameters are fall within the desirable permissible limit for human consumption. The computed WQI values ranged 51.4 (source) to 69.6 (village-1) and all sampling points are ranked to poor water quality. The results of bacteriological analyses have shown that 50% of samples in the distribution systems were at medium risk, 16.7% of samples were at low risk and 33% of samples including the source were at zero risk. The study can conclude that the quality of drinking water source can be deteriorated in the water distribution system. Therefore, the current quality of water and distribution system needs to be improved or to be developed new better quality source in order to come up with current quality problem.},
 year = {2022}
}

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