Fracturing and Hydrogeological Potentialities of the Gneisso-Migmatitic Units Along the Keve – Amoussoukope Road in the Southwest of Togo (West Africa)
Kodjovi Zondokpo,
Mahaman Sani Tairou,
Alassani Arouna Mouhamad Bang’na,
Masamaeya Dadja-Toyou Gnazou
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
65-74
Received:
29 September 2022
Accepted:
20 October 2022
Published:
28 October 2022
Abstract: In this study, photogeology is coupled with pre-existing well data to examine the impact of lineaments on aquifer productivity in an area where access to potable water is a serious challenge. The photogeological study of the peneplain portion along the Keve - Amoussoukope (SW-Togo) road has revealed a dense lineament network mainly represented in the NNE-SSW (N10-N20), NE-SW (N30-N50) and ENE-WSW (N60-N80) directions. The network components are dominated in number and weight (cumulative length of lineaments or fractures in a given direction) by the NE-SW lineament family. The brittle tectonic data from the field and the geological map confirm the network characteristics and validate the fracturing state of the gneisso-migmatitic formations belonging to the internal units of the Panfrican Dahomeyides Belt (600 ± 50 My). The lineament or fracture network density confers discontinuous aquifer properties to the gneisso-migmatitic formations in the study area. In fact, the major lineament and well coupling shows that wells with high flow rate (Q > 5 m3/h) are associated with the NE-SW dominant lineament network. Statistical analysis established with well data in the area highlights a large variation in productivity of the wells, probably linked to the lithological heterogeneity.
Abstract: In this study, photogeology is coupled with pre-existing well data to examine the impact of lineaments on aquifer productivity in an area where access to potable water is a serious challenge. The photogeological study of the peneplain portion along the Keve - Amoussoukope (SW-Togo) road has revealed a dense lineament network mainly represented in t...
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Drinking Water Quality Assessment from the Source to End User, the Case of Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory, Ethiopia
Meron Amsalu,
Tamene Mojira
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
75-85
Received:
9 November 2022
Accepted:
8 December 2022
Published:
27 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.hyd.20221004.12
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Views:
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality status from the source to end user in Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory -1. In the study, both primary and secondary sources of data were used to conduct the research. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample needed for bacteriological analysis of the water quality. Samples were collected in rainy season for three times started from July 22 2019 to September 26 2019. Thirteen samples were collected at all representative sampling points at each time. The physicochemical parameters namely, pH, Temperature, Total dissolved solid, Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulfate, Chloride, Total hardness, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Fluoride, Total alkalinity, Iron and Cupper. Total coliform as Bacteriological parameter was analyzed. The water quality index (WQI) - calculation was done using weighted arithmetic water quality index method. The result of physiochemical parameters, temperature (28.22°C), electrical conductivity (1331.37mg/l) and fluoride (1.89mg/l) were above the maximum permissible limit set by WHO and Ethiopian for drinking water. The results of remaining physiochemical parameters are fall within the desirable permissible limit for human consumption. The computed WQI values ranged 51.4 (source) to 69.6 (village-1) and all sampling points are ranked to poor water quality. The results of bacteriological analyses have shown that 50% of samples in the distribution systems were at medium risk, 16.7% of samples were at low risk and 33% of samples including the source were at zero risk. The study can conclude that the quality of drinking water source can be deteriorated in the water distribution system. Therefore, the current quality of water and distribution system needs to be improved or to be developed new better quality source in order to come up with current quality problem.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality status from the source to end user in Omo Kuraz Sugar Factory -1. In the study, both primary and secondary sources of data were used to conduct the research. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample needed for bacteriological analysis of the water quality. Samples w...
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CO2 and Humidity Affect the Characteristics of Surface Water Quality Response to Climatic Factors
Hongxing Song,
Afed Ullah Khan,
Yuan Chen,
Minye Zhu,
Jiping Jiang
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
86-95
Received:
8 December 2022
Accepted:
26 December 2022
Published:
29 December 2022
Abstract: Climate factors such as precipitation and temperature impact the surface water quality through complex physical and chemical mechanisms, which is one of the recent focuses of the IPCC Water Resources Assessment Working Group. Due to the differences in environmental factors and human activities, the response characteristics, i.e. sensitivity, of water quality to climatic factors is not the same among regions. This paper presents an interesting and important question: Will environmental factors such as carbon dioxide emissions and humidity affect the response characteristics of water quality to climatic factors? Based on the long-term observations of large rivers around the world and the model of climate elasticity of water quality, big data analysis on three scales of global, hemisphere and climatic regions was carried out. It includes 12 major water quality parameters of 52 monitoring points of 14 large rivers. The results show that environmental factors such as carbon dioxide concentration, relative humidity and soil moisture enhance the climate response of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total phosphorus and phosphate, while the increase of carbon dioxide emission stabilizes the temperature response of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides. In the southern hemisphere, soil moisture brings stability, carbon dioxide concentration produces variability, and relative humidity plays a dual role. Soil moisture plays a role in stabilizing water quality response in tropical and arid regions, while relative humidity plays a role in destabilizing water quality response in arid regions. In temperate climate zone, the effects of wind speed are prominent. The high wind speed enhances the rainfall response of non-filtered total phosphorus and the temperature response of dissolved oxygen. Carbon dioxide emissions enhances the temperature response of dissolved orthophosphate. The paper explains the possible mechanisms of these environmental factors with literature support. This study provides directional guidance for future water environment management in the context of climate change.
Abstract: Climate factors such as precipitation and temperature impact the surface water quality through complex physical and chemical mechanisms, which is one of the recent focuses of the IPCC Water Resources Assessment Working Group. Due to the differences in environmental factors and human activities, the response characteristics, i.e. sensitivity, of wat...
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