Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan

Numan Zahid Khan; Muhammad Waseem

doi:doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12

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Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan

Numan Zahid Khan, Muhammad Waseem

Published in Hydrology (Volume 10, Issue 2)

Received: 22 April 2022 Accepted: 6 June 2022 Published: 16 June 2022

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Abstract

Satellite based Evapotranspiration (ET) products are being used at a global scale for ET estimation and mostly providing a reliable opportunity in in-situ data-sparse region. GLDAS, GLEAM & MODIS are currently used state-of-the-art satellite ET products. They provide wide and continuously available datasets with large spatio-temporal coverage. Availability of accurate & reliable ET information is a prerequisite for many hydro-meteorological applications such as water resource management, irrigation scheduling, crop yield estimation, and drought predictions; hence, this research work was carried out to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of MODIS, GLEAM & GLDAS in diverse regions of Pakistan. ET estimates obtained from these products were compared with gauge data on monthly temporal scale, and seasonal (spring, autumn, summer, and winter) scale in four diverse climatic zones using six performance metrics namely root mean square error, standard deviation, linear correlation coefficient, index of agreement, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and statistical bias. The results showed that (1)-GLEAM is a competitive ET estimation product and it gave promising ET estimates in the dry regions as well as in hilly and mountainous terrain of Pakistan. (2)- Seasonal analysis resulted that GLEAM was best suitable product in case of spring, summer & autumn, whereas MODIS provide better agreement in case of winter. On the other hand, GLDAS was ranked 2nd in case of all seasons. (3)- By considering zones based analysis it was noted that GLEAM performed better as compared to other ET products in all zones, whereas GLDAS & MODIS ranked 2nd and 3rd respectively. (4)- The overall performance of GLEAM is very convincing and it was concluded that it can be a feasible satellite product for most of the areas of Pakistan. Furthermore, error component (systematic & random) estimation can be a step further evaluation of GLDAS & GLEAM.

Published in	Hydrology (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12
Page(s)	34-41
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Evapotranspiration, Satellite-Based ET Products, Performance Metrics, Climatic Zones

References

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[6]	Cleugh, H. A., Leuning, R., Mu, Q., & Running, S. W. (2007). Regional evaporation estimates from flux tower and MODIS satellite data. Remote Sensing of Environment, 106 (3), 285-304.
[7]	Ghilain, N., Arboleda, A., & Gellens-Meulenberghs, F. (2011). Evapotranspiration modelling at large scale using near-real time MSG SEVIRI derived data. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15 (3), 771-786.
[8]	Hendrickx, J. M. H., Vink, N. H., & Fayinke, T. (1986). Water requirement for irrigated rice in a semi-arid region in West Africa. Agricultural water management, 11 (1), 75-90.
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[13]	Spate, O. H. K., & Learmonth, A. T. A. (2017). India and Pakistan: A general and regional geography. Routledge.
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APA Style

Numan Zahid Khan, Muhammad Waseem. (2022). Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan. Hydrology, 10(2), 34-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12

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ACS Style

Numan Zahid Khan; Muhammad Waseem. Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan. Hydrology. 2022, 10(2), 34-41. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12

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AMA Style

Numan Zahid Khan, Muhammad Waseem. Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan. Hydrology. 2022;10(2):34-41. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12

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@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12,
  author = {Numan Zahid Khan and Muhammad Waseem},
  title = {Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {34-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20221002.12},
  abstract = {Satellite based Evapotranspiration (ET) products are being used at a global scale for ET estimation and mostly providing a reliable opportunity in in-situ data-sparse region. GLDAS, GLEAM & MODIS are currently used state-of-the-art satellite ET products. They provide wide and continuously available datasets with large spatio-temporal coverage. Availability of accurate & reliable ET information is a prerequisite for many hydro-meteorological applications such as water resource management, irrigation scheduling, crop yield estimation, and drought predictions; hence, this research work was carried out to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of MODIS, GLEAM & GLDAS in diverse regions of Pakistan. ET estimates obtained from these products were compared with gauge data on monthly temporal scale, and seasonal (spring, autumn, summer, and winter) scale in four diverse climatic zones using six performance metrics namely root mean square error, standard deviation, linear correlation coefficient, index of agreement, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and statistical bias. The results showed that (1)-GLEAM is a competitive ET estimation product and it gave promising ET estimates in the dry regions as well as in hilly and mountainous terrain of Pakistan. (2)- Seasonal analysis resulted that GLEAM was best suitable product in case of spring, summer & autumn, whereas MODIS provide better agreement in case of winter. On the other hand, GLDAS was ranked 2nd in case of all seasons. (3)- By considering zones based analysis it was noted that GLEAM performed better as compared to other ET products in all zones, whereas GLDAS & MODIS ranked 2nd and 3rd respectively. (4)- The overall performance of GLEAM is very convincing and it was concluded that it can be a feasible satellite product for most of the areas of Pakistan. Furthermore, error component (systematic & random) estimation can be a step further evaluation of GLDAS & GLEAM.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan
AU  - Numan Zahid Khan
AU  - Muhammad Waseem
Y1  - 2022/06/16
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12
T2  - Hydrology
JF  - Hydrology
JO  - Hydrology
SP  - 34
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7617
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12
AB  - Satellite based Evapotranspiration (ET) products are being used at a global scale for ET estimation and mostly providing a reliable opportunity in in-situ data-sparse region. GLDAS, GLEAM & MODIS are currently used state-of-the-art satellite ET products. They provide wide and continuously available datasets with large spatio-temporal coverage. Availability of accurate & reliable ET information is a prerequisite for many hydro-meteorological applications such as water resource management, irrigation scheduling, crop yield estimation, and drought predictions; hence, this research work was carried out to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of MODIS, GLEAM & GLDAS in diverse regions of Pakistan. ET estimates obtained from these products were compared with gauge data on monthly temporal scale, and seasonal (spring, autumn, summer, and winter) scale in four diverse climatic zones using six performance metrics namely root mean square error, standard deviation, linear correlation coefficient, index of agreement, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and statistical bias. The results showed that (1)-GLEAM is a competitive ET estimation product and it gave promising ET estimates in the dry regions as well as in hilly and mountainous terrain of Pakistan. (2)- Seasonal analysis resulted that GLEAM was best suitable product in case of spring, summer & autumn, whereas MODIS provide better agreement in case of winter. On the other hand, GLDAS was ranked 2nd in case of all seasons. (3)- By considering zones based analysis it was noted that GLEAM performed better as compared to other ET products in all zones, whereas GLDAS & MODIS ranked 2nd and 3rd respectively. (4)- The overall performance of GLEAM is very convincing and it was concluded that it can be a feasible satellite product for most of the areas of Pakistan. Furthermore, error component (systematic & random) estimation can be a step further evaluation of GLDAS & GLEAM.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Numan Zahid Khan

Centre of Excellence, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Waseem

Centre of Excellence, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

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APA Style

Numan Zahid Khan, Muhammad Waseem. (2022). Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan. Hydrology, 10(2), 34-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12

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ACS Style

Numan Zahid Khan; Muhammad Waseem. Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan. Hydrology. 2022, 10(2), 34-41. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12

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AMA Style

Numan Zahid Khan, Muhammad Waseem. Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan. Hydrology. 2022;10(2):34-41. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12,
  author = {Numan Zahid Khan and Muhammad Waseem},
  title = {Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {34-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20221002.12},
  abstract = {Satellite based Evapotranspiration (ET) products are being used at a global scale for ET estimation and mostly providing a reliable opportunity in in-situ data-sparse region. GLDAS, GLEAM & MODIS are currently used state-of-the-art satellite ET products. They provide wide and continuously available datasets with large spatio-temporal coverage. Availability of accurate & reliable ET information is a prerequisite for many hydro-meteorological applications such as water resource management, irrigation scheduling, crop yield estimation, and drought predictions; hence, this research work was carried out to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of MODIS, GLEAM & GLDAS in diverse regions of Pakistan. ET estimates obtained from these products were compared with gauge data on monthly temporal scale, and seasonal (spring, autumn, summer, and winter) scale in four diverse climatic zones using six performance metrics namely root mean square error, standard deviation, linear correlation coefficient, index of agreement, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and statistical bias. The results showed that (1)-GLEAM is a competitive ET estimation product and it gave promising ET estimates in the dry regions as well as in hilly and mountainous terrain of Pakistan. (2)- Seasonal analysis resulted that GLEAM was best suitable product in case of spring, summer & autumn, whereas MODIS provide better agreement in case of winter. On the other hand, GLDAS was ranked 2nd in case of all seasons. (3)- By considering zones based analysis it was noted that GLEAM performed better as compared to other ET products in all zones, whereas GLDAS & MODIS ranked 2nd and 3rd respectively. (4)- The overall performance of GLEAM is very convincing and it was concluded that it can be a feasible satellite product for most of the areas of Pakistan. Furthermore, error component (systematic & random) estimation can be a step further evaluation of GLDAS & GLEAM.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan
AU  - Numan Zahid Khan
AU  - Muhammad Waseem
Y1  - 2022/06/16
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12
T2  - Hydrology
JF  - Hydrology
JO  - Hydrology
SP  - 34
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7617
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12
AB  - Satellite based Evapotranspiration (ET) products are being used at a global scale for ET estimation and mostly providing a reliable opportunity in in-situ data-sparse region. GLDAS, GLEAM & MODIS are currently used state-of-the-art satellite ET products. They provide wide and continuously available datasets with large spatio-temporal coverage. Availability of accurate & reliable ET information is a prerequisite for many hydro-meteorological applications such as water resource management, irrigation scheduling, crop yield estimation, and drought predictions; hence, this research work was carried out to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of MODIS, GLEAM & GLDAS in diverse regions of Pakistan. ET estimates obtained from these products were compared with gauge data on monthly temporal scale, and seasonal (spring, autumn, summer, and winter) scale in four diverse climatic zones using six performance metrics namely root mean square error, standard deviation, linear correlation coefficient, index of agreement, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and statistical bias. The results showed that (1)-GLEAM is a competitive ET estimation product and it gave promising ET estimates in the dry regions as well as in hilly and mountainous terrain of Pakistan. (2)- Seasonal analysis resulted that GLEAM was best suitable product in case of spring, summer & autumn, whereas MODIS provide better agreement in case of winter. On the other hand, GLDAS was ranked 2nd in case of all seasons. (3)- By considering zones based analysis it was noted that GLEAM performed better as compared to other ET products in all zones, whereas GLDAS & MODIS ranked 2nd and 3rd respectively. (4)- The overall performance of GLEAM is very convincing and it was concluded that it can be a feasible satellite product for most of the areas of Pakistan. Furthermore, error component (systematic & random) estimation can be a step further evaluation of GLDAS & GLEAM.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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