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Assessment of Water Balance Components by Using Wetspass Model: The Case of Dengego Sub-basin, Eastern Ethiopia
Seyoum Bezabih Kidane,
Hayal Derb Andarge
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
21-33
Received:
10 January 2022
Accepted:
23 March 2022
Published:
31 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.11
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Abstract: The search for new water resources, as well as the development of water balance models that can be used to control and manage the resource, is at the heart of the search for new water resources in eastern Ethiopia, particularly in the Dengego sub-basin, and its socio-economic significance in terms of water demand for agriculture and domestic use. The water balance components of the Dengego sub-basin were investigated using the WetSpass hydrological model. The goal of this study is to assess the water balance components in the Dengego sub-basin. According to WetSpass, the mean annual evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge were 494.2, 173.6, and 20.2 mm, respectively. Actual evapotranspiration and surface runoff accounted for 25.2 percent and 71.8 percent of precipitation, respectively and recharge made up 2.9 percent of precipitation. Annually 7.3 million m3 of water recharges into the groundwater table as recharge from the precipitation on the entire watershed. The contribution of this study could be used as baseline information for regional water resource experts, policy makers and researchers for further investigation. It can also be concluded that integrated WetSpass and GIS-based models are good indicators for estimating and understanding of water balance components in a given watershed to implement an integrated watershed management plan for sustainable utilization and sustainable development.
Abstract: The search for new water resources, as well as the development of water balance models that can be used to control and manage the resource, is at the heart of the search for new water resources in eastern Ethiopia, particularly in the Dengego sub-basin, and its socio-economic significance in terms of water demand for agriculture and domestic use. T...
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Assessment of Satellite Based Evapotranspiration Products at Regional Scale over Landscape of Pakistan
Numan Zahid Khan,
Muhammad Waseem
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
34-41
Received:
22 April 2022
Accepted:
6 June 2022
Published:
16 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.12
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Abstract: Satellite based Evapotranspiration (ET) products are being used at a global scale for ET estimation and mostly providing a reliable opportunity in in-situ data-sparse region. GLDAS, GLEAM & MODIS are currently used state-of-the-art satellite ET products. They provide wide and continuously available datasets with large spatio-temporal coverage. Availability of accurate & reliable ET information is a prerequisite for many hydro-meteorological applications such as water resource management, irrigation scheduling, crop yield estimation, and drought predictions; hence, this research work was carried out to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of MODIS, GLEAM & GLDAS in diverse regions of Pakistan. ET estimates obtained from these products were compared with gauge data on monthly temporal scale, and seasonal (spring, autumn, summer, and winter) scale in four diverse climatic zones using six performance metrics namely root mean square error, standard deviation, linear correlation coefficient, index of agreement, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and statistical bias. The results showed that (1)-GLEAM is a competitive ET estimation product and it gave promising ET estimates in the dry regions as well as in hilly and mountainous terrain of Pakistan. (2)- Seasonal analysis resulted that GLEAM was best suitable product in case of spring, summer & autumn, whereas MODIS provide better agreement in case of winter. On the other hand, GLDAS was ranked 2nd in case of all seasons. (3)- By considering zones based analysis it was noted that GLEAM performed better as compared to other ET products in all zones, whereas GLDAS & MODIS ranked 2nd and 3rd respectively. (4)- The overall performance of GLEAM is very convincing and it was concluded that it can be a feasible satellite product for most of the areas of Pakistan. Furthermore, error component (systematic & random) estimation can be a step further evaluation of GLDAS & GLEAM.
Abstract: Satellite based Evapotranspiration (ET) products are being used at a global scale for ET estimation and mostly providing a reliable opportunity in in-situ data-sparse region. GLDAS, GLEAM & MODIS are currently used state-of-the-art satellite ET products. They provide wide and continuously available datasets with large spatio-temporal coverage. Avai...
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Delineating Saline Water Zones in an Inland Brine Area Using Electrical Resistivity Indicators
Aisha Abubakar Kana,
Ahmad Abubakar Kana
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2022
Pages:
42-48
Received:
23 March 2022
Accepted:
28 April 2022
Published:
30 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.hyd.20221002.13
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Abstract: This paper presents results of saline groundwater zone delineation using electrical resistivity sounding. The geologic setting of the study area, Awe Town is that of the Biddle Benue Trough, a structure filled with Cretaceous sediments that include Awe Formation. The town is a predominantlyrural area plagued with saline groundwater resulting from brines associated with Awe Formation. As a result of this challenge, water supply scheme for the area was situated about 6km away from the main settlement making access to potable water difficult. The present study was prompted by the need to delineate the extent of groundwater contamination by the brines and in so doing identify aquifers close to the settlement for exploitation. Electrical resistivity method has been applied extensively in delineation of saline groundwater zones. Electrical resistivity surveys were done around the town with the sole aim of delineating the saline groundwater and fresh groundwater regions around the settlement. A total of 20 vertical electrical soundings were carried out using the Schlumberger configuration. Geophysical indicators (longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance (S and T respectively) as well as transverse resistivity (ρt) and longitudinal resistivity (ρl)) were used to assess saline water distribution in the aquifers of the study area. Of the four indicators, Longitudinal Unit Conductance and Transverse Unit Resistance clearly demarcated saline groundwater zones. Contour maps showing the distribution of these indicators aided in the identification of fresh groundwater, 1.2km from the main town. Analysis of borehole logs in the fresh groundwater region revealed fresh groundwater aquifers within Younger rocks i.e. Ezeaku and Keana Formations, which overlie the Awe Formation. Geologic setting of the study area is such that Awe Formation is exposed in the Old Town due to uplift and weathering, while younger rocks of Ezeaku and Keana Formations overlie Awe Formation in the New Town area. Aquifers in these formations have resistivity in the range of 150 to 300Ωm, with thicknesses ranging between 20m and 35m; these zones were interpreted to have high yield potential in terms of quality.
Abstract: This paper presents results of saline groundwater zone delineation using electrical resistivity sounding. The geologic setting of the study area, Awe Town is that of the Biddle Benue Trough, a structure filled with Cretaceous sediments that include Awe Formation. The town is a predominantlyrural area plagued with saline groundwater resulting from b...
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